There are two main risks through which the war could weigh on Swiss business activity.
- We believe the biggest economic risk stems from higher commodity prices and supply disruptions, as Russia accounts for 10% of global oil production and 40% of European gas imports. Besides energy, Russia is a critical supplier of nitrogen fertilisers, palladium, nickel, potash, aluminium, and agricultural commodities to Europe. Any sanctions on Russia could result in significant shortfalls across a range of these commodities. A disruption of these flows could lead to production cuts, lowering industrial output by around one per cent in Switzerland. Closure of Russian airspace and port disruptions around the Black and Baltic seas could exacerbate the ongoing supply challenges.
- Another risk is that tighter financial conditions could have sizable effects on global growth. Capital flows between Russia and Switzerland are heavily restricted and foreign direct investments (FDI) in Russia and Ukraine are highly at risk. Switzerland is among the countries with the highest number of sanctions against Russia as well as the most FDI projects in Russia, see graphs below. Moreover, inflationary pressure may force central banks to tighten monetary policy.
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